Calculating-machine



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,C. S. LABOFISH. CALCULATING MACHINE.

UNITED STATES CHARLES S. LABOFISI'I,

. PATENT OFFICE.

OF TROY, NEW YORK.

CALCULATING-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 544,360, dated August 13, 1895.

Application filed May 14, 1894. Serial No. 511,074- (No model) To all whom it may concern.-

Be. it known that 1, CHARLES S. LABOFISH, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of Troy, State of New 'York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Calculating-Machines, of which the following is a full and clear specification, enabling others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make the same.

My invention relates to calculating-machines such as are used to perform automatically arithmetical problems. Its object is to simplify the means used for such purposes and provide a sure means of extending the usefulness of such machines by so constructing the device that a portion may be used for problems in addition and subtraction and the complete device be extended in its usefulness so as to embrace the four primary principles in mathematics-addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

It consists in the device and parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings,in which like letters refer to like parts in each.

Figure 1 is atop view of the machine, showing dial-plate, guidedial, and sightholes. Fig. 2 is a section view of same with the dialplate removed. Here the number-disks, problem-board, wheels, and push-buttons are seen. Fig. 3 is a top view in section of the case with dial and number-disks removed. This shows the actuating-wheels of the number-dials, the levers, eccentrics, and push-buttons. Fig. 4 is a bottom View of the bottom frame-plate, showing slots, square end of sliding-journals, and springs. Fig. 5 is a detail of part of the mechanism of the case. Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the crown-pin and guide-dial wheel. Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of the operating mechanism of the problem-wheels. Fig. 8 is a modification of the same. Fig. 9 is an enlarged view of one of the posts which hold the case together, showing the means by which the lever is supported. Fig. 10 is a bottom View of one of the multiplying-wheels, showing the keyway and key and key-rod in section. Fig. 11 is a section of one of the spindle in section.

through 13 13 of Fig. 1, showing in section the entire mechanism of the machine.

The application herewith presented is intended as an improvement on my application, Serial No. 494,526, filed December 23, 1893, for calculating-machines.

In constructing my device a metal case, preferablyresembling a watchcase, is provided for one part, and a box, preferably square, is provided for both parts combined. In this square box compartments are provided for the metal case containing the first part of my invention and for the mechanism of the second and the third part of this invention. The square case, in which the entire combination is placed, is shown in section in Fig. 13 and in top plan view in Fig. 1.

In Fig. 13 the dotted lines show the movement of parts of this invention to enable the operator to more easily operate the device. These parts (shown in dotted lines) are preferably hinged where the joints show. When closed and in position shown by square section lines, they are locked or otherwise properly secured. The square case may have a handle to admit of being carried about, as shown in Fig. 13.

The metal case A, containing the first part of my invention, is provided with a hinged face a In a bezel on this case is.1odged a glass a, such as is usual in watchcases, to enable the operator to have a clear view of the face of the device. It has also a stem A with a spring-crown A. The spring-crown has a pin A running through it which rotates with the crown A. Around the perimeter of the case are located a number of push-buttons A These push-buttons operate through the case upon the mechanism. within, as will be explained farther on. Upon the face of the dial is located a guide-dial A with a pointer a fixed over it. This pointer identifies the number desired when the device is operated, as will be shown further on. The numbers on the guide-dial are arranged in two circles in reverse order, so that they may be applied to use in addition or subtraction without resetting the machine. Upon the dial B are circumferentially arranged the elliptical-shaped sight-holes B. To each one of these holes is assigned a different numerical quantity or ICQ value-as, for instance, in the drawings, Fig. 1, one of the holes is identified by the word Fraction. This is the lowest denomination. The next is marked 1. The next is marked 10, the next 100, and in this manner they are soquentially numbered up to 100,000, and may be carried up further by increasing the number of the dials and holes.

The sight-holes I3 are made preferably elliptical, so that a full-sized number may be seen at each one of them. They are for the purpose of readily observing the numbers or aggregate of numbers wanted, all other numbers on the number-dials being occluded.

I have, by preference, adopted in the drawings the decimal system of enumeration as most convenient; but it is obvious that this is mere selection.

Directly under the sight-holes, circumferentially arranged around the main drivingwheel, are the number-disks G, as shown in Fig. 2. These disks are all of the same size and have each a zero-mark, and from one to nine marked upon them. They are adapted to rotate under the dial-plate, each one directly under a different hole B appropriated to that special dial, and they have also a radial movement, which will be spoken of fartheron. In their normal condition they do not form a contact with the central wheel. These nu mber-disks C have ashat't O passing loosely through them centrally, so that they may rotate around it. They have also fixed to them, on their under side, a hollow shaft.

(3". This shaft sleeves over 0 andis adapted to rotate about it. Fixed to the same hollow shaft 0 as the number-disks O, and just under them, is a toothed or gear wheelI). One of these is associated with each of the number-disks 0. Each wheel has the same num ber of teeth on it as there are numbers on the disk. These toothed wheels are the means by which the number-disks are rotated, as they gear in the teeth of the central drivingwheelI and are impulsed by it. Directly under the gear-wheel D that actuates the number-disks, and upon the same pinion as both number-disks and cog-wheel, is fixed an eccentric E, (see Fig. 3,) and upon this eccentric is journaled the lever E. This lever is loosely hinged centrally in a notch in the plate-post E t'orthe purpose of support,and at the same time allowing it to have a free movement. Upon the end of the lever is a pawl E which is adapted to engage in the cogs of the next adjacent actiiatingwlieel. A detent 6 (see Fig. 3) holds the actuating-wheel in position to be rotated. The operation of this lever is so arranged that upon one complete rotation of the number-dial, to the shaft of which the eccentric E isjournaled, the pawl E is raised by the movement of the lever E, carried forward (or backward) one tooth, and falls into the next tooth. In this manner one complete rotation of one of the dials with numbers on it effects one unit of rotation in the dial act-. uated by the lever and pawl. Thus it will be seen that if the cog-wheels, fixed on the saute shafts as the eccentrics, have ten cogs each, one rotation of one of these wheels will, through the lever E, cause the wheel next adjoining of higher order in whose cogs the pawl operates to make one-tenth of a rotation. In this manner the addition of numbers is carried over and maintained automatially. It the rotation of the number-dials be reversed, subtraction of numbers is the result.

The hollow shaft C upon which the number-disks C, the actuatingwheels D, and the eccentrics E are fixed, are arbored over the shaft 0. This shaft passes through the number-disk loosely and through the hollow shaft C and has its end, which is square, lodged in the slots K of the bottom frame-plate K. (See Figs. 4 and 13.) Fixed on the shaft (1' is the disk F, on the edge of which the pushbutton A acts. The series of slots It" on the bottom plate are radially arranged, and into these slots the square end of the shaft 0' lodges. A washer on the outside and one on the inside of bottom plate K, fixed on the shaft 0', holds it in position, and these washers are larger than the slots and adjusted loosely to the same they permit the shaft to slide radially in the slot under pressure induced by the push-button. In these same slots K the spring K is lodged. The posts e are for the purpose of holding the dialplate B and bottom plate K in position.

The central driving-wheel I is journaled in the bottom frame-plate centrally. The shaft of this wheel I has upon it a projecting head 1', preferably square in shape. (See Fig. 13.) This head 'i is very pronounced and is the means of connection between the two main parts of the device.

The central wheel I is toothed,its teeth corresponding with the cogs on the act uatingwheels D of the number-disks O in pitch, so that when the central wheel impulses these number-disk Wheels the same number of cogs on the central wheel aetuates a like number of cogs on the number-disk wheels, and thus the number of cogs on the numberdisk wheels being ten that number of cogs on the central wheel causes the number-disk to make a com plete rotation.

The impulse to the central wheel is transmitted to it by a pin A located in the crown of the case A. This pin rotates in the crown A. It has formed on its end a wheel A, having two gears-one a face-gearing to gear with and turn the driving-wheel I, the other an edge gear to gear with and operate the wheel a that moves the guide-dial hand Ct. The crown-pin is arranged with a series of notches a, into which a spring a operates. lily means of this spring the pin is held in position when the wheel A is thrown into or out of gear with the power-wheel I.

The pins of the push-buttons A on the out side of the case are adapted to come in contact with the disks F. \Vhcn any one of them is pressed it exerts a pressure on the rim of (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

,C. S. LABOFISH. CALCULATING MACHINE.

the disk F, which causes the square end of the shaft 0, lodged in the slot K, to slide radially and collapse the spring K The number-disk, cog-wheel, and eccentric, which are arbored on the hollow shaft 0 which sleeves over 0, are thus moved radially at the same time and by the same means. causes the cog-wheel D, which actuates the number-disk O, to be thrown in gear with the driving-wheel I. Here it is held by continuing the pressure on the push-button A While holding it in this manner, the crown-pin A is turned until-the number desired is pointed to by the pointer a on the guide-dial A This movement of the crown-pin also rotates the central wheel I and the number-dial hand a with the actuating-wheel A, of which it is in leased and the dial-hand returned to zero,

the desired number will remain in sight at the sight-hole to be added to or subtracted from, as may be required. This constitutes the first part of my invention.

The head 2 formed outside of the lower frame-plate on the shaft of the driving-wheel, is very pronounced and preferably square. This head 71 is one part of the coupling that unites the two most essential parts of the device. The-other part of the coupling is a socket d formed on the end of the shaft of the bevel gear-wheel J, which gears into the bevel gear-wh eel L, axled on the transverselyplaced shaft L. Thisshat't is fixed in one of the compartments of the machine-box with its terminals journaled preferably in jeweled bearings upon the sides of the box. It has axled upon it a number of gear-wheels L, all

of which correspond in the number of cogs with one another and with the number of cogs on the actuating-wheels on the numberdial shaft, as they bear a direct relation to each other. These wheels L gear with a series of multiplying-wheels-M, the movement of the two being coincident. These wheels M are adapted to be both mutipliers and dividers. They are arranged in such a manner that the smallest one corresponds in size and number of cogs with the wheels L on the shaft L. The next has twice the number of cogs, the third three times, and in this ratio they increase in diameter and cogs up to the last or largest. The object in thus increasing number of cogs in exact ratio is to admit of any one ofthe cone-shaped set of wheels M rotating the shaft-wheels L a greater or less number of times. For instance, if it is required to rotate the shaft-wheels L five times, the fifth wheel from the bottom of the cone is actuated, and this having five times as many cogs as the wheels on the shaft L, that shaft is caused to rotate five times with one rotation of the larger wheel. Both the multipliers M and the wheels L are adapted upon which the spindle O rotates.

to rotate fromleft to right or from right to left, as required in the solution of problems in multiplication or division.

A bracket N is secured to the side of the case in any desirable manner as a means to help sustain the hollow spindle O. This bracket has a socket in it adapted for this purpose. In this is journaled the pin 0, One end of this spindle is fitted with a screw-tapped cap 0 within which is lodged one end of a spring P. The other part of the spring passes up the center of the spindle and abuts against the key B. This key is fixed on a rod R, which has a diameter smaller than the interior of the spindle 0. It has two radial arms R (See Figs. 13 and 10.) These arms project through a keyway or slot Q in the walls of the spindle O and are adapted to slide in the same. The key It is attached to the end of the rod R, which rests loosely in the center of the spindle O. The spring P is adapted to actuate this rod B when so desired. Upon the other .end of this rod are the notches S. A keyway Q is also formed in the wheels M, and in this keyway the key B, after it has passed through the walls of the spindle O, engages and moves the different wheels of the cone-shaped set.

The wheels M are held in position upon the spindle 0, upon which they are strung through a central perforation by the disks is 0 loosely to admit of their being individually turned by the key B when said key is in position. These wheels M are always in gear with the wheels L, which they actuate. At points where friction is greatest ball-bearin gs are provided.

Within an enlargement of one end of the hollow spindle O is lodged the notched part of the rod R, which is an enlargement of the rod R. It has a bolt-shaped head S, and on one side a series of notches S corresponding in number with the number of wheels strung upon the rod R. A spring-pin T is arranged to lodge in these notches and securely hold the pin T while the device is operated. This spring-pin is best shown in. Figs. 12 and 13. A button T on one side is attached to a ring T On the opposite side of the ring isa lug T upon which a helical spring is strung, which holds the pin T in place. WVhen the button T is pressed the spring I is collapsed, the pin T comes out of the notch in which it was lodged, and the spring P causes the rod R to fly up out of the hollow spindle O. The particular notch S desired is selected, the rod R pressed down into the spindle O as far as this notch, and the button T released. The catch-pin T by the resiliency of the'spring is forced at once to engage in the notch firmly, and the key R on the other end of rod,which has been seated in the corresponding keywayin one of the wheels is also by this movement placed in a position to rotate that particular wheel.

The crank V, bywhich motion is imparted IIO value-as, for instance, in the drawings, Fig. 1, one of the holes is identified by the word Fraction. This is the lowest denomination. The next is marked 1. The next is marked 10, the next 100, and in this manner they are soquentially numbered up to 100,000, and may be carried up further by increasing the number of the dials and holes.

The sight-holes I3 are made preferably elliptical, so that a full-sized number may be seen at each one of them. They are for the purpose of readily observing the numbers or aggregate of numbers wanted, all other numbers on the number-dials being occluded.

I have, by preference, adopted in the drawings the decimal system of enumeration as most convenient; but it is obvious that this is mere selection.

Directly under the sight-holes, circumferentially arranged around the main drivingwheel, are the number-disks G, as shown in Fig. 2. These disks are all of the same size and have each a zero-mark, and from one to nine marked upon them. They are adapted to rotate under the dial-plate, each one directly under a different hole B appropriated to that special dial, and they have also a radial movement, which will be spoken of fartheron. In their normal condition they do not form a contact with the central wheel. These nu mber-disks C have ashat't O passing loosely through them centrally, so that they may rotate around it. They have also fixed to them, on their under side, a hollow shaft.

(3". This shaft sleeves over 0 andis adapted to rotate about it. Fixed to the same hollow shaft 0 as the number-disks O, and just under them, is a toothed or gear wheelI). One of these is associated with each of the number-disks 0. Each wheel has the same num ber of teeth on it as there are numbers on the disk. These toothed wheels are the means by which the number-disks are rotated, as they gear in the teeth of the central drivingwheelI and are impulsed by it. Directly under the gear-wheel D that actuates the number-disks, and upon the same pinion as both number-disks and cog-wheel, is fixed an eccentric E, (see Fig. 3,) and upon this eccentric is journaled the lever E. This lever is loosely hinged centrally in a notch in the plate-post E t'orthe purpose of support,and at the same time allowing it to have a free movement. Upon the end of the lever is a pawl E which is adapted to engage in the cogs of the next adjacent actiiatingwlieel. A detent 6 (see Fig. 3) holds the actuating-wheel in position to be rotated. The operation of this lever is so arranged that upon one complete rotation of the number-dial, to the shaft of which the eccentric E isjournaled, the pawl E is raised by the movement of the lever E, carried forward (or backward) one tooth, and falls into the next tooth. In this manner one complete rotation of one of the dials with numbers on it effects one unit of rotation in the dial act-. uated by the lever and pawl. Thus it will be seen that if the cog-wheels, fixed on the saute shafts as the eccentrics, have ten cogs each, one rotation of one of these wheels will, through the lever E, cause the wheel next adjoining of higher order in whose cogs the pawl operates to make one-tenth of a rotation. In this manner the addition of numbers is carried over and maintained automatially. It the rotation of the number-dials be reversed, subtraction of numbers is the result.

The hollow shaft C upon which the number-disks C, the actuatingwheels D, and the eccentrics E are fixed, are arbored over the shaft 0. This shaft passes through the number-disk loosely and through the hollow shaft C and has its end, which is square, lodged in the slots K of the bottom frame-plate K. (See Figs. 4 and 13.) Fixed on the shaft (1' is the disk F, on the edge of which the pushbutton A acts. The series of slots It" on the bottom plate are radially arranged, and into these slots the square end of the shaft 0' lodges. A washer on the outside and one on the inside of bottom plate K, fixed on the shaft 0', holds it in position, and these washers are larger than the slots and adjusted loosely to the same they permit the shaft to slide radially in the slot under pressure induced by the push-button. In these same slots K the spring K is lodged. The posts e are for the purpose of holding the dialplate B and bottom plate K in position.

The central driving-wheel I is journaled in the bottom frame-plate centrally. The shaft of this wheel I has upon it a projecting head 1', preferably square in shape. (See Fig. 13.) This head 'i is very pronounced and is the means of connection between the two main parts of the device.

The central wheel I is toothed,its teeth corresponding with the cogs on the act uatingwheels D of the number-disks O in pitch, so that when the central wheel impulses these number-disk Wheels the same number of cogs on the central wheel aetuates a like number of cogs on the number-disk wheels, and thus the number of cogs on the numberdisk wheels being ten that number of cogs on the central wheel causes the number-disk to make a com plete rotation.

The impulse to the central wheel is transmitted to it by a pin A located in the crown of the case A. This pin rotates in the crown A. It has formed on its end a wheel A, having two gears-one a face-gearing to gear with and turn the driving-wheel I, the other an edge gear to gear with and operate the wheel a that moves the guide-dial hand Ct. The crown-pin is arranged with a series of notches a, into which a spring a operates. lily means of this spring the pin is held in position when the wheel A is thrown into or out of gear with the power-wheel I.

The pins of the push-buttons A on the out side of the case are adapted to come in contact with the disks F. \Vhcn any one of them is pressed it exerts a pressure on the rim of 

